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Subject
16EED02/ NETWORK ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS
S.No
Term
Concept/Definition/Meaning/Units/Equatio
n/Expression
Units
UNIT I NETWORK FUNCTIONS
1.
Classifications of
circuit elements
-
Active Elements, Passive elements
-
2.
Active elements
-
Deliver energy are called Active elements
Ex: Voltage and current sources
-
3.
Passive Elements
-
Consume energy either by absorbing or storing
Ex: Resistor, inductor and capacitors.
-
4.
Lumped Elements
-
Physically separable elements
-
5.
Distributed
Elements
-
Not separable for electrical purpose.
-
6.
Bilateral Elements
-
The voltage-current relation is same for current
flowing in either direction.
-
7.
Unilateral elements
-
The voltage-current relation is not same
Example: Diode, Transistor.
-
8.
Linear elements
-
Satisfies the current-voltage relationship.
Example: Resistor.
-
9.
Non linear
Elements
-
Does not satisfy the current-voltage
relationship.
Example: Diode, Transistor.
-
10.
Kirchoff’s current
law
-
The algebraic sum of the current meeting at a
junction is equal to zero.
-
11.
Kirchoff’s voltage
law
-
The algebraic sum of the voltages around any
closed path is zero
-
12.
Maximum power
transfer theorem
-
The maximum power delivered from source
to load at load R is equal to the source R.
-
13.
Star Delta
Transformation
-
The transformation of a given set of
resistances in star to delta or vice versa
-
14.
Network Function
-
The ratio of the complex amplitude of an
exponential output P(S) to the input Q(S)
-
15.
Resonant Frequency
-
At resonant Condition Xl=Xc available
frequency
-
16.
Series Resonance
-
A resonance occurs in RLC series circuit
called series resonance.
-
17.
Quality factor
-
The ratio of maximum energy stored to the
energy dissipated in one period
-
18.
Selectivity
-
The ratio of bandwidth and resonant frequency
-
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19.
Bandwidth
-
Within the limits of lower and upper half
frequency is called bandwidth.
-
20.
Coupled Circuits
-
When two or more coils are linked by
magnetic flux,
-
21.
Complex
impedance
-
The impedance of a two-terminal circuit
element is represented as a complex quantity
-
22.
Complex
admittance
-
The reciprocal complex impedance
-
23.
Concept of poles
and zeros
-
Poles and Zeros of a transfer function
denominator and numerator becomes zero
respectively
-
24.
Transfer Functions
-
The ratio of Laplace Transform, of output to
the input
-
25.
Time response
-
The output of a system when subjected to an
input which is a function of time.
-
UNIT 2 TWO PORT NETWORKS
26.
Ohm’s law
-
Current is directly proportional to the potential
difference at the temperature remains constant.
-
27.
Mesh
-
loop which does not contain any other loops
within it
-
28.
Source
transformation
-
The voltage and current sources may be
interchanged without affecting the circuit;
-
29.
Phasor diagram
-
complex plane showing the relationships of the
specific circuits
-
30.
Thevenin’s theorem
-
All circuit elements replaced by single voltage
source in a series with a resistance
-
31.
Driving Point
Impedance
-
The complex ratio of applied alternating
voltage to the resulting alternating current
-
32.
One-port network
theory
-
The one-port is a ``black box'' with a single
pair of input/output terminals
-
33.
Port in a circuit
-
Port is a pair of terminals connecting an
electrical network
-
34.
Reciprocal network
-
A network by which the power losses are the
same between any two ports
-
35.
Two-Port Networks
-
A network with two input terminals and two
output terminals is two-port-network
-
36.
Passive network
-
One which contains no energy source
-
37.
Active network
-
One which contains at least one independent
type energy
-
38.
Driving point
impedance
-
The Laplace transform the input port voltages,
port currents
-
39.
Applications of z
and y parameters
-
These parameters are used to describe the
electrical behavior of linear electrical networks
-
40.
Open circuit
impedance
parameters
-
Z-parameters are also known as open-circuit
impedance parameters
-
41.
Y parameter in two
port network
-
Relationship between the port voltages, port
currents
-
42.
Symmetric Network
-
A network is symmetrical if its input
impedance is equal to its output impedance
-
43.
Reciprocity
-
Exchanging voltage and current results in an
equivalent definition of reciprocity.
-
44.
Lossless network
-
A lossless network is one which contains no
resistors or other dissipative elements.
-
45.
Z-parameters
-
Open circuit impedance parameters
-
46.
Y-parameters
-
Short circuit admittance parameters
-
47.
T-parameters or
ABCD- parameters
-
Transmission or chain parameters
-
48.
0 T'-parameter
-
Inverse transmission parameters
-
49.
H-parameters
-
Hybrid parameters
-
50.
G-parameters
-
Inverse hybrid parameters
-
UNIT 3 INTERCONNECTION OF NETWORKS
51.
Electrical network
-
An electrical network is an interconnection
of electrical components
-
52.
Transfer voltage
ratio function
-
The ratio of Transfer function output voltage
to the input
-
53.
Transfer current
ratio function
-
The ratio of Transfer function output current to
the input
-
54.
Transfer
impedance
function
-
The ratio of Transfer function input voltage to
the output current
-
55.
Transfer
admittance
function
-
The ratio of Transfer function input current to
the output voltage
-
56.
Series Circuit
-
When all elements of a circuit are connected
one after another
-
57.
Node
-
The end point of the branch where other
branches meet is called a node.
-
58.
Ladder Network.
-
A network consisting of circuit elements
connected in series and in parallel.
-
59.
Lattice Network
-
One of the common four-terminal two-port
networks is the lattice, or bridge network
-
60.
Synthesis
-
When the excitation and the response are
given, and it is required to determine a
network
-
61.
Analysis
-
If the network and the excitation are given and
the response is to be determined.
-
62.
Series Resonance
-
The circuit is said to be resonant when the
resultant reactance is zero in series RLC
circuit
-
63.
Periodic functions
-
A periodic function is that which repeats itself
after regular intervals of time
-
64.
Series Connection
-
Series connection of two-port networks
N a and N b. interconnected
-
65.
parallel connection
-
Parallel connection of two two-port networks
N a and N b. interconnected.
-
66.
T Representation.
-
Network element are connected in T form
-
67.
𝜋 Representation
-
Network element are connected in 𝜋 form
-
68.
Symmetrical
network
-
Unaffected even after interchanging of input
and outputs
-
69.
Asymmetrical
network
-
Affected outputs when interchanging of input
and outputs terminals
-
70.
Characteristic
impedance
-
Its measured first terminals of the cascade
network
-
71.
Asymmetrical
network
impedances
-
Iterative impedance, image impedance and
image transfer constant
-
72.
Image transfer
constant
-
√𝐸1𝐼1
𝐸2𝐼2
-
73.
Image attenuation
constant
-
Real part of image transfer constant
-
74.
Image phase
constant
-
Imaginary part of image transfer constant
-
75.
Insertion loss
-
The loss in power delivered to the load by
insertion of the network
-
UNIT 4 FILTERS
76.
Ideal filter
-
An ideal filter characteristic passes a finite
block of frequencies
-
77.
Low pass filter
LPF
This filter passes the lower range of
frequencies and stops higher range of
frequencies
-
78.
High pass filter
HPF
This filter passes the higher frequencies and
stops or filter out lower frequencies.
-
79.
Band stop
filter
BSF
This filter stops band of frequencies from F1 to
F2
-
80.
Band pass filter
BPS
This filter passes band of frequencies.
frequencies between F1 and F2.
-
81.
Attenuation and
phase shift
-
A propagation measurement is made by taking
the difference between the phases (phase
shift)
-
82.
Attenuation
-
Increases as a function of increasing
conductivity,
-
83.
Application of low
pass filter
-
Low pass filter most of the noise is removed
and a clear sound is produced.
-
84.
Integrator
-
The integrator is like the low pass filter in that
it attenuates frequencies more the higher
-
85.
Filter
-
Used to prevent 'unwanted' items from
entering into your system
-
86.
Filters applications
-
Power supplies, audio electronics, and radio
communications
-
87.
Low cutoff
frequency
-
Corner frequency is the frequency either above
or below which the power output of a circuit
-
88.
3dB frequency
-
The 3dB point, or 3dB frequency, is the point
at which the signal has been attenuated
by 3dB.
-
89.
Active filter
-
Filter using active components
-
90.
Amplitude Control
Circuit
ACC
The Amplitude Control Circuit has to amplify
the signal when the amplitude of the signal is
below a reference value and attenuate the
signal.
-
91.
Cut off frequency
-
Frequency where the filter passes from pass
band to attenuation band and is denoted by fc
-
92.
Active filter
-
Active filters require an external power supply,
-
93.
Passive filter
-
Operate only on the signal input
-
94.
Pass band gain
-
The pass band gain of a filter is simply the
amplification factor for signal components.
-
95.
Slew rate
-
Change of voltage or current, or any other
electrical quantity, per unit of time
-
96.
Band-pass
-
The centre frequency fc, centre frequency gain,
and the selectivity or Q.
-
97.
All pass filter
-
Filter passes all the frequency components at
constant gain
-
98.
Narrow band pass
-
Specific values of centre frequency fc and Q or
fc and BW.
-
99.
Active Band Pass
Filter
-
Cut-off frequency and continues up to infinity
or the maximum open loop gain for an active
filter.
-
100.
Bands pass
response.
-
The characteristics of the filter circuit with the
curve.
-
UNIT 5 ELEMENTS OF NETWORK SYNTHESIS
101.
One port
network
-
Two terminal electrical network in which,
current enters through one terminal and leave
another
-
102.
Two port
Network
-
Pair of two terminal electrical network in
which, current enters & leaves of each pair of
-
ports.
103.
Hurwitz
polynomial.
-
stability criteria are fulfilled then the
denominator of the F(s)
-
104.
Control system
-
A control system manages commands, directs,
or regulates the behavior of other devices
-
105.
Driving-point
function
-
A special type of transfer function in which the
input , output variables are voltages or currents
-
106.
Network,
-
A network, in the context of electronics, is a
collection of interconnected components.
-
107.
Real functions
-
Positive-real functions, often abbreviated
to PR function or PRF
-
108.
Positive real
function
-
Two necessary and sufficient conditions for
the functions to be a positive real function
-
109.
T and Pi
network
-
Any pi network can be transformed to an
equivalent T network.
-
110.
Resonant circuit
-
A resonant circuit (series or parallel) must
have an inductive and a capacitive element.
-
111.
Quality factor
Q
The ratio of the reactive power of either the
inductor.
-
112.
Real flux
density
ZT
Plot the magnitude of the current I=E/ZT
versus frequency for a fixed applied voltage E.
-
113.
Loop and node
-
Preferably all current sources are transformed
to voltage sources.
-
114.
Node Analysis
-
Phasor-domain circuits is similar to nodal
analysis for dc circuits.
-
115.
Final value
theorem
FVT
The time domain behavior as time approaches
infinity.
-
116.
Convolution
Integral
-
Convolution of f and g is written f∗g, using an
asterisk or star.
-
117.
Series and
parallel
Elements
-
Network independently before tying them
together in series-parallel combinations.
-
118.
Superposition
Theorem
-
The algebraic sum of the currents or voltages
produced independently by each source.
-
119.
Reciprocity
Theorem
-
Theorem employed in the analysis of
multisource networks described thus far
-
120.
Thevenin’s
Theorem
-
Equivalent circuit consisting of a voltage
source and a series resistor
-
121.
Norton’s
Theorem
-
Equivalent circuit consisting of a current
source and a parallel resistor.
-
122.
System Poles
and Zeros
-
As defined, the transfer function is a rational
function in the complex variable s = σ + jω
-
123.
System Stability
-
Linear system may be determined directly
from its transfer function
-
124.
Two port
network
-
Two-terminal devices or elements (such as
resistors, capacitors, and inductors)
-
125.
Impedance
parameters
-
Impedance-matching networks and power
distribution networks.
-
PLACEMENT QUESTIONS
126.
Analysis
-
Analysis of a system is the investigation of
properties and the behavior (response) of an
existing system.
-
127.
Design
-
A system is the choice and arrangement of
system components to perform a specific
task
-
128.
Design by
analysis
-
Accomplished by modifying the
characteristics of an existing system
-
129.
Design by
synthesis
-
Accomplished by defining the form of the
system directly from its specifications
-
130.
Synthesis
-
Finding a network corresponding to a given
driving-point impedance or admittance.
-
131.
Linear network
-
An electric circuit in which circuit
parameters are constant
-
132.
Nonlinear
network
-
An electric circuit whose parameters are
varied
-
133.
Ohm's law used
-
Calculate the relationship between voltage,
current and resistance in an electrical circuit.
-
134.
Network in
circuit theory
-
In electrical engineering, Network Theory is
the study of how to solve circuit problems.
-
135.
Non-linear
Elements
-
Transistors, vacuum tubes, other
semiconductor devices, and transformers
-
136.
Linear elements
-
Resistor is the most common element,
capacitor, and air core inductors.
-
137.
Linear loads
-
Resistive, capacitive, or inductive, but the
impedance must remain fixed
-
138.
Driving point
impedance
-
The complex ratio of applied alternating
voltage to the resulting alternating current
-
139.
Network
theorems
-
Electric circuit theorems are always
beneficial to help find voltage and currents
in multi loops.
-
140.
Z parameters
-
Input voltage and current & output voltage
and current of the two-port network
-
141.
Harmonics
-
Distortion of a sinusoidal waveform by
waveforms of different frequencies.
-
142.
Discovered
power
-
Benjamin Franklin for discovering electricity
-
143.
Circuit Theorem
-
Allows us to replace part of a circuit by a
current source and parallel resistor
-
144.
Reciprocal
network
-
The power losses are the same between any
two ports
-
145.
Parameter in
circuit
-
Schematic level variables that can then be
easily modified to match homework
-
HOD
146.
Father of the
electricity
-
Michael Faraday
-
147.
Types of
electricity
-
Static Electricity and Current Electricity
-
148.
3 elements of
electricity
-
Resistance ,inductance, and Capacitance
-
149.
DC
-
Current only flows in one direction.
-
150.
AC
-
Alternating Current (AC), changes direction
periodically
-
Faculty Prepared
P.Manikandan,
AP/EEE
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